617888九五至尊娱乐欺骗档案|忧思617888九五至尊娱乐家联盟-617888九五至尊娱乐

近三十年来, many of the world's largest fossil fuel companies have knowingly worked to deceive the public about the realities and risks of climate change.

Their deceptive tactics are now highlighted in this set of seven "deception dossiers"—collections of internal company and trade association documents that have either been leaked to the public, 通过诉讼曝光, 或根据《517888九五至尊娱乐》(Freedom of Information, FOIA)要求披露的信息.

每一集都提供了一个有启发性的内幕，让我们了解这场有组织的欺骗运动, 该项目由埃克森美孚公司赞助, 雪佛龙公司, 康菲石油公司, BP, 壳牌, 皮博迪能源, 以及化石燃料行业的其他成员.

更新(2015年7月9日): 在本报告付印时, a newly discovered email from a former Exxon employee revealed that the company was already factoring climate change into decisions about new fossil fuel extraction as early as 1981. 了解更多.

617888九五至尊娱乐欺骗档案

内含85份内部备忘录，共计330多页, 这七份卷宗揭露了化石燃料行业使用的一系列欺骗手段. 其中包括伪造给国会的信件, 一个被认为是独立617888九五至尊娱乐家的秘密资助, 假草根组织的创建, 多次刻意制造617888九五至尊娱乐 617888九五至尊娱乐的不确定性, 和更多的.

这些文件清楚地表明:

几十年来，化石燃料公司一直在故意传播有关617888九五至尊娱乐的虚假信息.
Fossil fuel company leaders knew that their products were harmful to people and the planet but still chose to actively deceive the public and deny this harm.
欺骗运动至今仍在继续.

化石燃料公司知道什么，什么时候知道的

全球变暖的基本原理已经确立了好几代人. Fossil fuel companies have almost certainly been aware of the underlying climate science for decades.

早在1977年, representatives from major fossil fuel companies attended dozens of congressional hearings in which the contribution of carbon emissions to the greenhouse effect was discussed. By 1981 at least one company (Exxon) was already considering the climate implications of a large fossil fuel extraction project.

1988年，这一问题超越了617888九五至尊娱乐界，登上了国家舞台. 詹姆斯·汉森, 美国国家航空航天局首席617888九五至尊娱乐 617888九五至尊娱乐家, testified before Congress that scientific data had confirmed that industrial activities were causing climate change. It was also in 1988 that the United Nations formed the Intergovernmental Panel on 617888九五至尊娱乐变化 and the U.S. Congress introduced the National 能源 Policy Act in an effort to reduce emissions of heat-trapping gases. 很难想象高管们, 说客, and scientists at major fossil companies were by this time unaware of the robust scientific evidence of the risks associated with the continued burning of their products.

事实上, one of the key documents highlighted in the deception dossiers is a 1995 internal memo written by a team headed by a Mobil Corporation scientist and distributed to many major fossil fuel companies. The internal report warned unequivocally that burning the companies' products was causing climate change and that the relevant science "is well established and cannot be denied."

化石燃料公司对此有何反应? They embarked on a series of campaigns to deliberately deceive the public about the reality of climate change and block any actions that might curb carbon emissions.

结果? More than half of all industrial carbon emissions have been released since 1988 and there is still no comprehensive U.S. 解决这个问题的联邦政策.

追究化石燃料公司的责任

随着化石燃料公司试图欺骗公众的行为逐渐浮出水面, the time is ripe to hold these companies accountable for their actions and responsible for the harm they have caused.

那么，美国公众应该如何期待化石燃料公司的行为呢? 至少，社会应该期望他们:

停止传播关于617888九五至尊娱乐变化的错误信息. 化石燃料公司否认已确立的617888九五至尊娱乐617888九五至尊娱乐是不可接受的. It is also unacceptable for companies to publicly accept the science while funding climate contrarian scientists or front groups that distort or deny the science.
支持公平和具有成本效益的政策，以减少全球变暖排放. It is time for the industry to identify and publicly support policies that will lead to the reduction of emissions at a scale needed to reduce the worst effects of global warming.
Reduce emissions from current operations and update their business models to prepare for future global limits on emissions. 企业应立即采取行动，减少当前业务的排放, 更新他们的商业模式，以反映持续燃烧化石燃料的风险, and map out the pathway they plan to take in the next 20 years to ensure we achieve a low-carbon energy future.
支付他们在617888九五至尊娱乐损害和准备方面的费用份额. 世界各地的社区已经面临海平面上升造成的损失，并为此付出代价, 酷热, 更频繁的干旱, 以及其他与617888九五至尊娱乐有关的影响. 无论是现在还是将来，化石燃料公司都应该支付公平的成本份额.
Fully disclose the financial and physical risks of climate change to their business operations. 这是法律规定的, fossil fuel companies are required to discuss risks—including climate change—that might materially affect their business in their annual SEC filings. 今天，对这一需求的遵从并不一致.